Iago is motivated by the desire to
know and show what Othello is really like
-
W H Auden
To what
extent do you agree with this view?
Argument; disagree.It is not Iago’s desire to reveal Othello’s true character that motivates him, but rather on a more profound level we see that lago's true motive is his blatant love of evil. Iago is using jealousy and anger as excuses to perpetrate evil. Even if Iago had received the promotion; even if he had no suspicions or jealous feelings, he would invent other motives to provide the framework for the diabolical mischief he must create. To Iago, the ruination of Othello is a game:
Quotes in chronological order to support the idea of Iago’s true evil nature:
One Michael Cassio, a Florentine
(A fellow almost damn'd in a fair wife),
That never set a squadron in the field
But he, sir, had th' election ... (1.1.20-27)
Here it is evident this is an unsatisfactory reasoning for bringing about the tragic ending of the play, thus leading us to conclude that Iago himself must be mentally challenged through his desire to perpetuate evil constantly.
... I hate the Moor;
And it is thought abroad that 'twixt my sheets
'Has done my office. I know not if't be true;
Yet I, for mere suspicion in that kind,
Will do as if for surety. (1.3.378-82)
Again, his evil intentions are highlighted here as it is apparent he does not believe these rumours are true; there is a deeper meaning to his schemes.
Let us be conjunctive against him. If thou canst cuckold him, thou dost thyself a pleasure, me a sport. (1.3.363)
Honour, loyalty, reverence, and fidelity - the highest and the holiest virtues of humanity - are but base commodities to be bought and sold. Iago is "an unbeliever in, and denier of, all things spiritual, who only acknowledges God, like Satan, to defy him" (William Robertson Turnbull, Othello: A Critical Study, 269).
In act 3 scene 3 Othello demands ocular proof, Iago brings out the handkerchief, the magical symbol of Othello's manhood and source of his jealousy:
I know not
that; but such a handkerchief--
I am sure it was your wife's--did I to-day
See Cassio wipe his beard with.
I am sure it was your wife's--did I to-day
See Cassio wipe his beard with.
Upon proof that Cassio has the
handkerchief, Iago gets Othello to effectively divorce Desdemona and align
himself with Iago. His plan to kill her is not only persuasive but very
clever: he knows that Othello will be put to death for the crime. Othello
says,
Damn her,
lewd minx! O, damn her!
Come, go with me apart; I will withdraw,
To furnish me with some swift means of death
For the fair devil. Now art thou my lieutenant.
Proof of Iago's evil is easy to
come by, but he is no more evil that when he uses his wife as a pawn in his
twisted revenge plot. In act 5 scene 2
he calls her a ‘Villanous whore!’ and ‘Filth, thou liest!’ he then he stabs
her. Pure evil.Come, go with me apart; I will withdraw,
To furnish me with some swift means of death
For the fair devil. Now art thou my lieutenant.
Possible counter-argument; rather than Iago’s evil nature that possesses him and causes the ultimate tragedy of the play to occur, it could be credible to believe that Iago merely desires to show Othello’s true qualities. Othello often relies on stories such as those that won over his gentle Desdemona, similarly those he attempts to use to persuade the state that his love should be accepted because of the acts of magnitude he has committed in the past e.g. ‘shall outongue his complaints’. Iago may believe Othello is a threat to society with such a high status for a Moor whom cannot possess that much authority and remain sane. Hence his reasoning for his what appears an evil plot; he succeeds in displaying how easily Othello can be led astray.Conclusion; therefore it could be credible to formulate an argument based around the ideology that Iago has no conscience, no ability to perform good deeds. Iago is a psychopath, and is not capable of forming affectionate relationships or feeling guilt and concern over his behaviour. Unlike Othello, Iago does not have the free will to refrain from wickedness. His nature does not enable him to see the goodness in anyone or anything; he is driven by a lust for evil beyond his control, as opposed to a quest to reveal Othello’s true nature as Auden suggests.
Psychologically Iago is a slighted
man, powerfully possessed by hatred against a master who (as he thinks) has
kept him down, and by envy for a man he despises who has been promoted over
him.
Neville Coghill
To what
extent do you agree with this view?
Argument; agree.
Iago uses
the power of his hatred to guide the play along the tragic route it follows.
Iago claims the reason for his hatred is that Cassio has been promoted over him
–
One Michael Cassio, a Florentine (A fellow almost damn'd in a fair wife),
That never set a squadron in the field
But he, sir, had th' election ... (1.1.20-27).
Counter
argument: it
is not just this reason that Iago